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Fundraising guide: pitch deck, cap table, SAFE and valuation

Fundraising is not an achievement — it is selling part of your company for resources, with growth expectations attached. This guide covers when to raise, the rounds and instruments (SAFE, cap table, valuation), how to build a pitch deck, and the mistakes that cost founders control.

What is fundraising — and when should you raise?

Fundraising means selling part of your company for money and resources. It is not an achievement — it is a tool, and a debt of growth expectations. Raise only once you have evidence (real customers, rising numbers) and know exactly what the money buys.

Raise too early, at a low valuation, selling too much equity — and the founder loses control from round one.

Rounds & instruments to know

  1. Bootstrapping / friends & family — the idea stage.
  2. Angel / pre-seed — an MVP and first customers.
  3. SAFE / convertible note — take money now, set equity later; fast, light legal.
  4. Seed → Series A — repeatable growth numbers.
  5. Cap table — who owns what percentage; every round dilutes.

The pitch deck: a story told in numbers

A good deck is 10–12 slides: problem → solution → market → product → business model → traction (real numbers) → competition → team → use of funds → the ask. Investors buy traction and team, not pretty slides.

Mistakes that cost founders their company

Selling too much equity in round one; not understanding terms (liquidation preference, anti-dilution); no shareholder agreement or vesting schedule; valuing on gut feel. Study the Fundraising and Legal & Shareholders clusters below.

Related lessons

Try raising in the Founder game →

Frequently asked questions

When should I start fundraising?
Once you have evidence: real customers, rising numbers, and a clear use of the money.
What is a SAFE?
An agreement to take money now and convert to equity in a later round — fast, with light legal work.
What is a cap table and why does it matter?
It shows who owns what percentage; every round dilutes the founder’s stake.
How many slides should a pitch deck have?
Around 10–12, focused on traction and team rather than looks.
What is the most dangerous fundraising mistake?
Selling too much equity in the first round and signing terms you do not understand.
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© 2026 Dong Nguyen · dong@dong.vc