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How to write a business plan for a startup project

A business plan is not about page count. It is a crisp answer to six make-or-break questions. This guide shows the right order to write it, how to use a Business Model Canvas, and the mistakes that make plans useless.

What goes into a business plan?

A good business plan answers six questions crisply: (1) What problem, for whom? (2) What is the solution, and why is it better than today? (3) How do you make money (revenue model)? (4) What does it cost, and when do you break even? (5) Who does the work, and how? (6) What is the biggest risk and the plan for it?

For a new project, a one-page Business Model Canvas beats a 40-page plan — the assumptions are not validated yet.

How to write it (in the right order)

  1. Nail the problem and who hurts most from it.
  2. Validate with real interviews before writing.
  3. Sketch a one-page canvas: customers, value, channels, revenue, costs.
  4. Build a simple number model: price × customers − costs.
  5. Write the full plan only when needed (fundraising, a contest, a loan).

Common mistakes

Padding it to look "professional"; beautiful revenue projections with no basis; ignoring real costs; and worst — writing the plan before talking to a single customer.

Related lessons

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Frequently asked questions

What sections does a business plan have?
Problem & customers, solution, revenue model, costs & break-even, team, risks.
How is a Business Model Canvas different from a business plan?
The canvas is one page for testing assumptions fast; a full plan is for fundraising, loans or contests.
Should I write the plan or find customers first?
Find and interview customers first — writing on unvalidated assumptions is wasted effort.
How should I project revenue?
Build bottom-up: price × realistically reachable customers, with real costs — not a share of the market.
Is there a template?
Yes, lessons in the Business Model & Planning cluster include fill-in templates, free.
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